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This paper designs a novel hybrid (a mixture of analog and digital)beamforming and examines the relation between the hybrid and digitalbeamformings for downlink multiuser massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO) systems. We assume that perfect channel state information is availableonly at the transmitter and we consider the total sum rate maximizationproblem. For this problem, the hybrid beamforming is designed indirectly byconsidering a weighed sum mean square error (WSMSE) minimization problemincorporating the solution of digital beamforming which is obtained from theblock diagonalization technique. The resulting WSMSE problem is solved byapplying the theory of compressed sensing. The relation between the hybrid anddigital beamformings is studied numerically by varying different parameters,such as the number of radio frequency (RF) chains, analog to digital converters(ADCs) and multiplexed symbols. Computer simulations reveal that for the givennumber of RF chains and ADCs, the performance gap between digital and hybridbeamformings can be decreased by decreasing the number of multiplexed symbols.Moreover, for the given number of multiplexed symbols, increasing the number ofRF chains and ADCs will increase the total sum rate of the hybrid beamformingwhich is expected.

Beamforming for Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems: Digital versus Hybrid Analog-Digital