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Non-deterministic giant waves, denoted as rogue, killer, monster or freakwaves, have been reported in many different branches of physics. Their originis however still unknown: despite the massive numerical and experimentalevidence, the ultimate reason for their spontaneous formation has not beenidentified yet. Here we show that rogue waves in optical fibres actually resultfrom a complex dynamic process very similar to well known mechanisms such asglass transitions and protein folding. We describe how the interaction amongoptical solitons produces an energy landscape in a highly-dimensional parameterspace with multiple quasi-equilibrium points. These configurations have thesame statistical distribution of the observed rogue events and are exploredduring the light dynamics due to soliton collisions, with inelastic mechanismsenhancing the process. Slightly different initial conditions lead to verydifferent dynamics in this complex geometry; a rogue soliton turns out to stemfrom one particular deep quasi-equilibrium point of the energy landscape inwhich the system may be transiently trapped during evolution. This explanationwill prove fruitful to the wide community interested in freak waves.

Geometric origin of rogue solitons in optical fibres