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We numerically describe the physical mechanism underlying the terahertzphotoconductive antenna (PCA) by the finite-difference time-domain method inthree-dimension. The feature of our approach is that the multi-physicalphenomena happening in the PCA, such as light-matter interaction, photo-excitedcarrier dynamics and full-wave propagation of the THz radiation, are consideredand embodied in the simulation. The method has been verified by comparing withexisting commercial softwares. In addition, we use this simulation tool tocharacterize the parameter-dependent performance of a PCA,thereby the design ofnovel PCA with enhanced optics-to-THz efficiency can be inspired.

Characterization of the terahertz photoconductive antenna by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method