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To promote the development of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs)based refractive-index (RI) biosensors, there is an urgent requirement of aneffective approach to improve the RI sensitivity of 2D PCs (usually less than500 nm/RIU). In this work, the photonic band gap (PBG) feature and thecorresponding RI sensitivity of the air-ring type 2D annular PCs (APCs) havebeen studied in detail. Such type of 2D PCs can easily and apparently improvethe RI sensitivity in comparison with conventional air-hole type 2D PCs thathave been widely studied in previous works. This is because the APCs cannaturally exhibit suppressed up edge of PBG that can strongly affect the finalRI sensitivity. In general, an enhanced sensing performance of as high as up to2-3 times RI sensitivity can be obtained from pure 2D APCs. Such high RIsensitivity is also available in three typical waveguides developed from pure2D APCs. Furthermore, a new conception of dual-polarization RI biosensors hasbeen proposed by defining the RI sensitivity as the difference of crossingrelative sensitivity of up-edge PBG between different polarizations. Based onpure 2D APCs, a dual-polarization RI biosensor with high RI sensitivity ofaround 1190 nm/RIU in infrared range was also presented as an example.

Mono/dual-polarization refractive-index biosensors with enhanced sensitivity based on annular photonic crystals