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We report a systematic comparison of the recently measured cumulants of thenet-proton distributions for 0-5\% central Au+Au collisions in the first phaseof the Beam Energy Scan (BES) Program at the Relativistic Heavy Colliderfacility to various kinds of possible baseline measures. These baselinemeasures correspond to assuming that the proton and anti-proton distributions,follow Poisson statistics, Binomial statistics, obtained from a transport modelcalculation and from a hadron resonance gas model. The higher order cumulantnet-proton data corresponding to the center of mass energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$)of 19.6 and 27 GeV are observed to deviate from all the baseline measuresstudied. The deviations are predominantly due to the difference in shape of theproton distributions between data and those obtained in the baseline measures.We also present a detailed study on the relevance of the independent productionapproach as a baseline for comparison with the measurements at various beamenergies. Our studies points to the need for a proper comparison of theexperimental measurements to QCD calculations in order to extract the exactphysics process that leads to deviation of the data from the baselinespresented.

Baseline measures for net-proton distributions in high energy heavy-ion collisions