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Activity in coupled systems is often oscillatory, for example, the firingpattern of neuronal populations. Whereas these oscillations have been studiedpredominantly in local circuits, here we show how the topology of large-scalenetworks, leading to large feedback loops, influences oscillations in theresting state. We find that the hierarchical modular organization of neuronalnetworks supports distinct spectral patterns of neural rhythms similar to thoseobserved experimentally in different species such as rat and human. Forindividual neurons, multiple peak frequencies with non-integer ratios betweensubsequent peaks occurred. These ratios occurred both for models with thespatial size of the rat as well as for the human brain. We argue that thepotential influence of longer connections, and thus longer delays, are balancedby a reduced number of long-distance connections in larger brain networks. Inconclusion, we show that a hierarchical neuronal network provides a scalablebackbone for multiple brain rhythms. This structural backbone could complementwell-studied regional and cellular mechanisms for the generation or preventionof rhythms.

A hierarchical network organization helps to retain comparable oscillation patterns in rats and human-sized brains