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We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking due to adsorption of Lithium atomson polyacenes and aromatic molecules consistent on carbon rings with edgesclosed by bond of hydrogen atoms. Hartree Fock and DFT calculations were madefor polyacenes, poly-para-phenyls and carbon sheets of sizes that showproperties of graphene. As a result, the spontaneous symmetry breaking onpolyacenes due to the adsorption of multiple pairs of Lithium atoms on oppositesides find expla- nation on the Peierls distortion. We also found that thereare no sponta- neous symmetry breaking due to adsorption of other alkalines inpolyacenes and the only case showing a distortion of polyacene is when a pairof Sodium atoms is adsorbed on it. Although there were previous studies aboutadsorption of metals on lar- ge sheet of carbon, we initially wanted tosimplify the problem so that allowed us to obtain a better understanding of thereasons for symmetry breaking and then extend it to complex structures, forwhich, we found that the Peierls distortion is observable in small flakes, withappropriate symmetry, but can not be generalized to larger flakes and neithergraphene strips as the minimum energy states of these cases do not correspondto this distortion. As an application on the methods we have used in thepresent work, a me- chanism for the decomposition reactions of chloromethane,dichloromethane and formyl chloride on graphene surface is proposed. For this,we calculate the reactions on the graphene surface with a Lithium atom absorbedon the center of it at the opposite side and we found intermediate productionof radicals is reduced.

Consecuencias geom\'etricas y din\'amicas de la m\'ultiple adsorci\'on  de Litio y otros alcalinos en poliacenos, poli-parafenilenos y hojuelas de  grafeno