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Sufferers of heart failure disease have a life expectancy of one year andheart transplantation is usually the only guarantee of survival beyond thisperiod. The number of donor hearts available currently is less than 3,000 perannum worldwide. Apart from the relatively fortunate people who receive donorhearts for transplant, the only alternative for people with HF is theimplantation of rotary blood pump (IRBP). In fact, an IRBP with its continuousoperation requires a more complex controller to achieve basic physiologicalrequirements. The essential control requirement of an IRBP needs to mimic theway that the heart pumps as much blood to the arterial circulation as itreceives from the venous circulation. This research aims to design, develop andimplement novel control strategies combining sensorless and non-invasive datameasurements to provide an adaptive and fairly robust preload sensitivecontroller for IRBPs subjected to varying patient conditions, modeluncertainties and external disturbances. A sensorless pulastile flow estimatorwas developed using collected data from animal experiments. Based on thisestimator, advanced physiological control algorithms for regulation of an IRBPwere developed to automatically adjust the pump speed to cater for changes inthe metabolic demand.The performance of the developed control algorithms areassessed using a lumped parameter model of the CVS that was previouslydeveloped using actual data from healthy pigs over a wide range of operatingconditions. Immediate responses of the controllers to short-term circulatorychanges as well as adaptive characteristics of the controllers in response tolong-term changes are examined in a parameter-optimised model of CVS - IRBPinteractions. Simulation results prove that the proposed controllers are fairlyrobust against model uncertainties, parameter variations and externaldisturbances.

Sensorless Physiological Control of Implantable Rotary Blood Pumps for Heart Failure Patients Using Modern Control Techniques