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We analyze the early phase of brine entrapment in sea ice, using a phasefield model. This model for a first-order phase transition couplesnon-conserved order parameter kinetics to salt diffusion. The evolutionequations are derived from a Landau-Ginzburg order parameter gradient dynamicstogether with salinity conservation. The numerical solution of model equationsby an exponential time differencing scheme describes the time evolution ofphase separation between liquid water with high salinity and the ice phase withlow salinity. The numerical solution in one and two dimensions indicates theformation of one dominant wavelength which sets the length scale of short-timefrozen structures. A stability analysis provides the phase diagram in terms oftwo Landau parameters. It is distinguished an uniform ice phase, a homogeneousliquid saline water solution and a phase where solidification structures can beformed. The Landau parameters are extracted from the supercooling andsuperheating as well as the freezing point temperature of water. With the helpof realistic parameters the distribution of brine inclusions is calculated andfound in agreement with the measured samples. The size of the ice domainsseparating regions of concentrated seawater depends on salinity and temperatureand corresponds to the size of sea ice platelets obtained from a morphologicalstability analysis for the solidification of salt water.

Phase-field theory of brine entrapment in sea ice: Short-time frozen microstructures