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Aging is analyzed as the spontaneous loss of adaptivity and increase infragility that characterizes dynamic systems. Cybernetics defines the generalregulatory mechanisms that a system can use to prevent or repair the damageproduced by disturbances. According to the law of requisite variety,disturbances can be held in check by maximizing buffering capacity, range ofcompensatory actions, and knowledge about which action to apply to whichdisturbance. This suggests a general strategy for rejuvenating the organism byincreasing its capabilities of adaptation. Buffering can be optimized byproviding sufficient rest together with plenty of nutrients: amino acids,antioxidants, methyl donors, vitamins, minerals, etc. Knowledge and the rangeof action can be extended by subjecting the organism to an as large as possiblevariety of challenges. These challenges are ideally brief so as not to depleteresources and produce irreversible damage. However, they should be sufficientlyintense and unpredictable to induce an overshoot in the mobilization ofresources for damage repair, and to stimulate the organism to build strongercapabilities for tackling future challenges. This allows them to override thetrade-offs and limitations that evolution has built into the organism's repairprocesses in order to conserve potentially scarce resources. Such acute,"hormetic" stressors strengthen the organism in part via the "order from noise"mechanism that destroys dysfunctional structures by subjecting them to strong,random variations. They include heat and cold, physical exertion, exposure,stretching, vibration, fasting, food toxins, micro-organisms, environmentalenrichment and psychological challenges.

Cybernetic Principles of Aging and Rejuvenation: the buffering-challenging strategy for life extension