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Electronic-liquid-crystal phases, in which part of the spatial symmetries arebroken spontaneously, are considered to play a vital role in interpreting thestructure-property relation in strongly-correlated materials. Althoughelectronic-liquid-crystal phases have been inferred in studies of a wide rangeof materials, the nature of the transition between such phases has receivedlittle experimental attention. Here we report the direct observation of anelectronic smectic-nematic phase transition in a doped manganite utilizingtransmission electron microscopic techniques. We show that, in this case, thetransition from the smectic to the nematic phase is driven by two mechanisms:the proliferation of dislocations and the development of mesoscale chargeinhomogeneity. We observe the development of dislocation pairs within thecommensurate smectic phase on approaching the transition (at 210 +/- 10 K) frombelow. Above the transition, the incommensurate nematic phase is accompanied bymesoscopic electronic phase separation.

Unveiling the microscopic origin of the electronic smectic-nematic phase transition in La1/3Ca2/3MnO3