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The conventional approach for the control of distribution networks, in thepresence of active generation and/or controllable loads and storage, involves acombination of both frequency and voltage regulation at different time scales.With the increased penetration of stochastic resources, distributed generationand demand response, this approach shows severe limitations in both the optimaland feasible operation of these networks, as well as in the aggregation of thenetwork resources for upper-layer power systems. An alternative approach is todirectly control the targeted grid by defining explicit and real-time setpointsfor active/reactive power absorptions/injections defined by a solution of aspecific optimization problem; but this quickly becomes intractable whensystems get large or diverse. In this paper, we address this problem andpropose a method for the explicit control of the grid status, based on a commonabstract model characterized by the main property of being composable. That isto say, subsystems can be aggregated into virtual devices that hide theirinternal complexity. Thus the proposed method can easily cope with systems ofany size or complexity. The framework is presented in this Part I, whilst inPart II we illustrate its application to a CIGR\'E low voltage benchmarkmicrogrid. In particular, we provide implementation examples with respect totypical devices connected to distribution networks and evaluate of theperformance and benefits of the proposed control framework.

A Composable Method for Real-Time Control of Active Distribution Networks with Explicit Power Setpoints