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Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) take advantage of strong lightconfinement and long photon lifetime for applications in sensing,optomechanics, microlasers and quantum optics. However, their rotationalsymmetry and low radiation loss impede energy exchange between WGMs and thesurrounding. As a result, free-space coupling of light into and from WGMRs isvery challenging. In previous schemes, resonators are intentionally deformed tobreak circular symmetry to enable free-space coupling of carefully alignedfocused light, which comes with bulky size and alignment issue that hinder therealization of compact WGMR applications. Here, we report a new class ofnanocouplers based on cavity enhanced Rayleigh scattering fromnano-scatterer(s) on resonator surface, and demonstrate whispering gallerymicrolaser by free-space optical pumping of an Ytterbium doped silicamicrotoroid via the scatterers. This new scheme will not only expand the rangeof applications enabled by WGMRs, but also provide a possible route tointegrate them into solar powered green photonics.

Interfacing whispering-gallery microresonators and free space light with cavity enhanced Rayleigh scattering