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The role of orbital differentiation on the emergence of superconductivity inthe Fe-based superconductors remains an open question to the scientificcommunity. In this investigation, we employ a suitable microscopic spin probetechnique, namely Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), to investigate this issue onselected chemically substituted BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals. As thespin-density wave (SDW) phase is suppressed, we observe a clear increase of theFe 3$d$ bands anisotropy along with their localization at the FeAs plane. Suchan increase of the planar orbital content interestingly occurs independently onthe chemical substitution responsible for suppressing the SDW phase. As aconsequence, the magnetic fluctuations combined with the resultant particularsymmetry of the Fe 3$d$ bands are propitious ingredients to the emergence ofsuperconductivity in this class of materials.

Site specific spin dynamics in BaFe2As2: tuning the ground state by orbital differentiation