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The main goal of this thesis has been to investigate the effects that themacroscopic vertical velocity fields have on the scattering polarizationsignals formed in the solar chromosphere. Until now, the impact of macroscopicmotions had never been considered in the treatment of the polarization signalsproduced by scattering processes and the Hanle effect. This is especiallyimportant in the quiet solar chromosphere, given its strong dynamism andreduced magnetic field intensity. Our investigation focused in the solution ofthe multilevel, non-LTE radiative problem of the generation and transfer ofpolarized radiation in increasingly realistic atmosphere models(Milne-Eddington and two-level atom atmospheres, semi-empirical models withad-hoc velocities, hydrodynamical time-dependent models and a snapshot of a 3DMHD simulation) for the Ca II IR triplet lines (at 8498, 8542 and 8662 A). As aparticular result, we obtained the first synthetic tomography of a model quietchromosphere that includes maps of linear polarization dominated by the Hanleeffect and of circular polarization dominated by the Zeeman effect. We alsostudied the relevance of dynamic and thermodynamic in the inference of thechromospheric magnetic field orientation taking into account the 90{\deg} and180{\deg} ambiguities and showing how velocity and temperature gradients canaffect the diagnostic process. We show that Solar-C and the European SolarTelescope should be able to capture the dynamic effects simulated in thisthesis for the Ca II IR triplet lines. Namely, the vertical velocity gradientsare able to modulate the resulting scattering polarization amplitudes,specially in the presence of shock waves.

Generation and Transfer of Polarized Radiation in Hydrodynamical Models of the Solar Chromosphere