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Measurement shows that 85% of TCP flows in the internet are short-lived flowsthat stay most of their operation in the TCP startup phase. However, manyprevious studies indicate that the traditional TCP Slow Start algorithm doesnot perform well, especially in long fat networks. Two obvious problems areknown to impact the Slow Start performance, which are the blind initial settingof the Slow Start threshold and the aggressive increase of the probing rateduring the startup phase regardless of the buffer sizes along the path. Currentefforts focusing on tuning the Slow Start threshold and/or probing rate duringthe startup phase have not been considered very effective, which has promptedan investigation with a different approach. In this paper, we present a novelTCP startup method, called threshold-less slow start or SSthreshless Start,which does not need the Slow Start threshold to operate. Instead, SSthreshlessStart uses the backlog status at bottleneck buffer to adaptively adjust probingrate which allows better seizing of the available bandwidth. Comparing to thetraditional and other major modified startup methods, our simulation resultsshow that SSthreshless Start achieves significant performance improvementduring the startup phase. Moreover, SSthreshless Start scales well with a widerange of buffer size, propagation delay and network bandwidth. Besides, itshows excellent friendliness when operating simultaneously with the currentlypopular TCP NewReno connections.

SSthreshless Start: A Sender-Side TCP Intelligence for Long Fat Network