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We summarize our comprehensive gas surveys of some of the most luminous,deeply embedded (optically obscured) star formation regions in the Milky Way,which are the local cases of massive star clusters and/or associations in themaking. Our approach emphasizes multi-scale, multi-resolution imaging in dustand free-free continuum, as well as in molecular- and hydrogen recombinationlines, to trace the multiple gas components from 0.1 pc (core scale) all theway up to the scales of the entire giant molecular cloud (GMC), or $\sim 100$pc. We highlight our results in W49A, the most luminous Galactic star formationregion ($L\sim 10^7~L_\odot$), which appears to be forming a young massivecluster (or a binary star cluster) with $M_\star > 5\times10^4~M_\odot$ thatmay remain bound after gas dispersal. The surveyed sources share elements incommon, in particular, the 10-100 pc scale GMCs are filamentary but have one ortwo central condensations (clumps) far denser than the surrounding filamentsand that host the (forming) massive stars.

Observations of the Most Massive Deeply Embedded Star Clusters in the Milky Way