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Dielectric behavior and conductivity mechanism in lead-free(100-x)(Li0.12Na0.88)NbO3-xBaTiO3 (0 to x to 40) piezoelectric ceramics wereinvestigated using impedance spectroscopy over a wide temperature (-100 oCto500 oC) and frequency range (0.1 Hz to1 MHz). The grain and grain boundaryresponse as well as the relaxation processes at different frequencies andtemperatures were also discussed. A low frequency dispersion in dielectricpermittivity (LFDD), a typical characteristic of high-temperature behavior wasobserved both below and above the ferro-paraelectric phase transitiontemperature, Tm. Oxygen-defect-related complexes generated due to acceptor typedoping were found to play an important role in LFDD and hopping conduction. Thedielectric relaxation follows Jonscher universal law, however LFDD is found tobe associated with quasi-DC process (QCD). The activation energies of DCconduction confirm the mechanism as the thermal motion (short range hopping) ofdoubly ionized oxygen vacancies. At high temperature, the conductivityrelaxation mechanism is dominated by grain boundary conduction through hoppingelectron created by the charge compensating oxygen vacancies.

Dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity in lead-free  (100-x)(Li0.12Na0.88)NbO3-xBaTiO3 (0 to x to 40) piezoelectric ceramics: An  impedance spectroscopic study