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Triple-Helix arrangements of bi- and trilateral relations can be consideredas adaptive eco-systems. During the last decade, we have further developed aTriple-Helix indicator of synergy as reduction of uncertainty in niches thatcan be shaped among three or more distributions. Reduction of uncertainty canbe generated in correlations among distributions of relations, but this(next-order) effect can be counterbalanced by uncertainty generated in therelations. We first explain the indicator, and then review possible resultswhen this indicator is applied to (i) co-author networks of academic,industrial, and governmental authors and (ii) synergies in the distributions offirms over geographical addresses, technological classes, and industrial-sizeclasses for a number of nations. Co-variation is then considered as a measureof relationship. The balance between globalizing and localizing dynamics can bequantified. Too much synergy locally can also be considered as lock-in.Tendencies are different for the globalizing knowledge dynamics versus locallyretaining wealth from knowledge in industrial innovations.

Can Synergy in Triple-Helix Relations be Quantified? A Review of the Development of the Triple-Helix Indicator