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Despite the growing necessity to make Internet greener, it is worth pointingout that energy-aware strategies to minimize network energy consumption mustnot undermine the normal network operation. In particular, two very importantissues that may limit the application of green networking techniques concern,respectively, network survivability, i.e. the network capability to react todevice failures, and robustness to traffic variations. We propose novelmodelling techniques to minimize the daily energy consumption of IP networks,while explicitly guaranteeing, in addition to typical QoS requirements, bothnetwork survivability and robustness to traffic variations. The impact of suchlimitations on final network consumption is exhaustively investigated. Dailytraffic variations are modelled by dividing a single day into multiple timeintervals (multi-period problem), and network consumption is reduced by puttingto sleep idle line cards and chassis. To preserve network resiliency weconsider two different protection schemes, i.e. dedicated and sharedprotection, according to which a backup path is assigned to each demand and acertain amount of spare capacity has to be available on each link. Robustnessto traffic variations is provided by means of a specific modelling frameworkthat allows to tune the conservatism degree of the solutions and to take intoaccount load variations of different magnitude. Furthermore, we impose someinter-period constraints necessary to guarantee network stability and preservethe device lifetime. Both exact and heuristic methods are proposed.Experimentations carried out with realistic networks operated with flow-basedrouting protocols (i.e. MPLS) show that significant savings, up to 30%, can beachieved also when both survivability and robustness are fully guaranteed.

Robust Energy Management for Green and Survivable IP Networks