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A global agreement on how to reduce and cap human footprint, especially theirGHG emissions, is very unlikely in near future. At the same time, bilateralagreements would be inefficient because of their neural and balanced nature.Therefore, unilateral actions would have attracted attention as a practicaloption. However, any unilateral action would most likely fail if it is not fairand also if it is not consistent with the world trade organization's (WTO's)rules, considering highly heterogeneity of the global economy. The modified GHGintensity (MGHGINT) indicator, hereafter called Inequality-adjustedProduction-based GHGINT (IPGHGINT), was put forward to address this need in theform of a universal indicator applicable to every region regardless of itseconomic and social status. Nonetheless, the original MGHGINT indicator ignoreshidden consumption-related emissions, and therefore it could be unfair to someproduction-oriented regions in the current bipolar production/consumptionworld. Here, we propose two generalizations, called Inequality-adjustedConsumption-based GHGINT (ICGHGINT) and Inequality-adjustedProduction/Consumption-Insensitive GHGINT (IIGHGINT), to the IPGHGINT in orderto combine both production and consumption emissions in a unified and balancedmanner. The impact of this generalizations on the associated border carbon taxrates is evaluated in order to validate their practicality.

IIGHGINT: A generalization to the modified GHG intensity universal indicator toward a production/consumption insensitive border carbon tax