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One of the most questionable issues in wetting is the vertical force balancethat is excluded in Young's law. On soft deformable solids, such as bioticmaterials and synthetic polymers, the vertical force of liquid leads to amicroscopic protrusion of the contact line, i.e. a "wetting ridge". The wettingprinciple that determines the geometry of the ridge-tip is at the heart of theissues over the past half century. Here, we reveal a universal wettingprinciple by directly visualizing ridge-tips with high spatio-temporalresolution using x-ray microscopy. We find that the tip-geometry is asymmetricand bent, and invariant during ridge growth or by surface softness. Thissingular geometry is explained by linking the macroscopic and microscopiccontact angles to Young's and Neumann's laws, respectively. Our dual-scalemodel would be applicable to a general framework in wetting and give new cluesto various issues in cell-substrate interaction and elasto-capillary problems.

Shedding new light on the mystery of wetting on soft solids