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Yeast cells produce daughter cells through a DNA replication and mitosiscycle associated with checkpoints and governed by the cell cycle regulatorynetwork. To ensure genome stability and genetic information inheritance, thisregulatory network must be dynamically robust against various fluctuations.Here we construct a simplified cell cycle model for a budding yeast toinvestigate the underlying mechanism that ensures robustness in this processcontaining sequential tasks (DNA replication and mitosis). We first establish athree-variable model and select a parameter set that qualitatively describesthe yeast cell cycle process. Then, through nonlinear dynamic analysis, wedemonstrate that the yeast cell cycle process is an excitable system driven bya sequence of saddle-node bifurcations with ghost effects. We further show thatthe yeast cell cycle trajectory is globally attractive with modularity in bothstate and parameter space, while the convergent manifold provides a suitablecontrol state for cell cycle checkpoints. These results not only highlight aregulatory mechanism for executing successive cell cycle processes, but alsoprovide a possible strategy for the synthetic network design of sequential-taskprocesses.

A globally attractive cycle driven by sequential bifurcations containing ghost effects in a 3-node yeast cell cycle model