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Did the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991 influence the scientificperformance of the researchers in Eastern European countries? Did thishistorical event affect international collaboration by researchers from theEastern European countries with those of Western countries? Did it also changeinternational collaboration among researchers from the Eastern Europeancountries? Trying to answer these questions, this study aims to shed light oninternational collaboration by researchers from the Eastern European countries(Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary,Poland, Romania and Slovakia). The number of publications and normalizedcitation impact values are compared for these countries based on InCites(Thomson Reuters), from 1981 up to 2011. The international collaboration byresearchers affiliated to institutions in Eastern European countries at thetime points of 1990, 2000 and 2011 was studied with the help of Pajek andVOSviewer software, based on data from the Science Citation Index (ThomsonReuters). Our results show that the breakdown of the communist regime did notlead, on average, to a huge improvement in the publication performance of theEastern European countries and that the increase in international co-authorshiprelations by the researchers affiliated to institutions in these countries wassmaller than expected. Most of the Eastern European countries are still subjectto changes and are still awaiting their boost in scientific development.

How have the Eastern European countries of the former Warsaw Pact developed since 1990? A bibliometric study