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We devise a cross-layer design (CLD) of carrier sensing multiple access withcollision avoidance (CSMA/CA) at the medium access control (MAC) layer withspectrum sensing (SpSe) at the physical layer for cognitive radio networks(CRNs). The proposed CLD relies on a Markov chain model with a state paircontaining both the SpSe and the CSMA/CA with exponential backoff from which wederive the transmission and collision probabilities. Due to the 2-dimensions ofCSMA/CA model with exponential backoff, the resulted Markov chain is obtainedwith 3-dimensions. Simulation and numerical results are derived and illustratedhighlighting the impact of SpSe in CSMA/CA with exponential backoff. Theobtained results could be used as performance criteria to evaluate theperformance of specific CRNs when they are deployed in a distributedcoordination fashion that is prone to collisions.

Cross-layer Design of CSMA/CA with Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks