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Many kinds of adult Lepidoptera insects possess a long proboscis which isused to suck liquids and has the coiling and uncoiling movements. Althoughexperiments revealed qualitatively that the coiling movement is governed by thehydraulic mechanism and the uncoiling movement is due to the musculature andthe elasticity, it needs a quantitative investigation to reveal how insectsachieve these behaviors accurately. Here a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D)curvature elastica model is proposed to reveal the mechanism of thesebehaviors. We find that the functions of internal stipes muscle and basalgaleal muscle which locate at the bottom of proboscis are to adjust the initialstates in the coiling and uncoiling processes, respectively. The function ofinternal galeal muscle which exists along proboscis is to adjust the linetension. The knee bend shape is due to the local maximal spontaneous curvatureand is an advantage for nectar-feeding butterfly. When there is no knee bend,the proboscis of fruit-piercing butterfly is easy to achieve the piercingmovement which induced by the increase of internal hydraulic pressure. All ofthe results are in good agreement with experiential observation. Our studyprovides a revelatory method to investigate the mechanical behaviors of other1D biologic structures, such as proboscis of marine snail and elephant. Ourmethod and results are also significant in designing the bionic devices.

Manipulate the coiling and uncoiling movements of Lepidoptera proboscis by its conformation optimizing