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The energy output (per logarithmic interval of particle energies) of CosmicRays (CRs) with energies $10{\rm GeV}\lesssim\varepsilon_p\lesssim100{\rm GeV}$is $\sim 10^{47}\rm erg$ per solar mass of star$-$formation, based on the CRproduction rate in the Milky Way and in starburst galaxies, implying ageneration rate of $\varepsilon_p^2Q\sim 10^{45}\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ inthe local universe. It is only $\sim 10$ times larger than the output,$\varepsilon_p^2 Q=0.5\pm0.2\times 10^{44}\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$, of UltraHigh Energy CRs (UHECRs) at energies $10^{10.5}{\rmGeV}<\varepsilon_p<10^{12}\rm GeV$ (obtained assuming they are mostly protons),which in turn is comparable to the lower limit of $\varepsilon_p^2 Q\ge0.5\times 10^{44}\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ of high energy CRs with $10^6{\rmGeV}\lesssim\varepsilon_p\lesssim 10^{8}\rm GeV$ implied by the saturation ofthe Waxman-Bahcall bound by the neutrino excess recently discovered by IceCube.These similarities are consistent with a flat production spectrum,$\varepsilon_p^2 Q\sim \text{const}$ for CRs at all observed energies. If aflat production spectrum is generated by our galaxy, the observed CR flux inthe range $10^{6.5}-10^{9.5}\rm GeV$, above the "knee", is suppressed comparedto lower energies due to propagation effects rather than acceleration upperlimits. As suggested by Parizot and Aublin, the most exciting possibility isthat cosmic rays at all energies are emitted from a single type of (unknown)sources, which can not be supernova remnants.

The energy production rate density of cosmic rays in the local universe is $\sim10^{44-45}\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ at all particle energies