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Proton (and ion) cancer therapy has proven to be an extremely effective evensupe-rior method of treatment for some tumors 1-4. A major problem, however,lies in the cost of the particle accelerator facilities; high procurement costsseverely limit the availability of ion radiation therapy, with only ~26 centersworldwide. Moreover, high operating costs often prevent economic operationwithout state subsidies and have led to a shutdown of existing facilities 5,6.Laser-accelerated proton and ion beams have long been thought of as a way outof this dilemma, with the potential to provide the required ion beams at lowercost and smaller facility footprint 7-14. The biggest challenge has been theachievement of sufficient particle energy for therapy, in the 150-250 MeV rangefor protons 15,16. For the last decade, the maximum exper-imentally observedenergy of laser-accelerated protons has remained at ~60 MeV 17. Here we theexperimental demonstration of laser-accelerated protons to energies exceeding150 MeV, reaching the therapy window. This was achieved through a dif-ferentacceleration regime rather than a larger laser, specifically a 150 TW laserwith CH2 nano-targets in the relativistically transparent regime 18,19. We alsodemonstrate a clear scaling law with laser intensity based on analyticaltheory, computer simulations and experimental validation that will enabledesign of a pro-totype system spanning the full range of therapeuticallydesirable energies.

160 MeV laser-accelerated protons from CH2 nano-targets for proton cancer therapy