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Several recent studies show that companion cells in flowering plantgametophytes relax epigenetic control of transposable elements (TEs) to promoteproduction of small RNA that presumably assist nearby reproductive cells inmanagement of TEs. In light of this possibility, a closer look at the timing ofcell division in relation to angiosperm double fertilization is warranted. Fromsuch an analysis, it is conceivable that double fertilization can driveangiosperm evolution by facilitating crosses between genetically diverseparents. A key feature of this ability is the order of cell division followingdouble fertilization, since division of the primary endosperm nucleus prior tothe zygote would produce small RNA capable of identifying TEs and definingchromatin states in the zygote prior to its entry into S-phase of the cellcycle. Consequently, crosses leading to increased ploidy or between geneticallydiverse parents would yield offspring better capable of managing a diversecomplement of TEs and repetitive DNA. Considering double fertilization in thisregard challenges previous notions that the primary purpose of endosperm is forimproved seed reserve storage and utilization.

Epigenetic regulation of repetitive DNA through mitotic asynchrony following double fertilization in angiosperms