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The Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina provides the largest data sample ofthe cosmic ray events with energy above 10$^{18}$ eV. These high energy eventscan be used to test our understanding of the hadronic interactions at energiesbeyond the reach of colliders and to probe the basic properties of theseinteractions such as the inelastic cross-section of proton-air collisions. Thecombination of an array of surface detectors and the fluorescence telescopes ofthe Pierre Auger Observatory reduces significantly the dependency of the showerenergy estimation on MC simulations. Despite that, the interpretation of masssensitive quantities such as the shower maximum in terms of chemicalcomposition of cosmic rays still depends on the hadronic interaction models.This contribution describes the main results of the observatory concerning thechemical composition of the cosmic rays and focuses on the problem of muondeficit in hadronic interaction models and on the estimation of proton-aircross-section from air-shower data.

Particle physics @ $\sqrt{s_{pp}}$ > 50 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory