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The airflow in a subject-specific breathing human lung is simulated with amultiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lung model. The three-dimensional(3D) airway geometry beginning from the mouth to about 7 generations of airwaysis reconstructed from the multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) imageat the total lung capacity (TLC). Along with the segmented lobe surfaces, wecan build an anatomically-consistent one-dimensional (1D) airway tree spanningover more than 20 generations down to the terminal bronchioles, which isspecific to the CT resolved airways and lobes (J Biomech 43(11): 2159-2163,2010). We then register two lung images at TLC and the functional residualcapacity (FRC) to specify subject-specific CFD flow boundary conditions anddeform the airway surface mesh for a breathing lung simulation (J Comput Phys244:168-192, 2013). The 1D airway tree bridges the 3D CT-resolved airways andthe registration-derived regional ventilation in the lung parenchyma, thus amultiscale model. Large eddy simulation (LES) is applied to simulate airflow ina breathing lung (Phys Fluids 21:101901, 2009). In this fluid dynamics video,we present the distributions of velocity, pressure, vortical structure, andwall shear stress in a breathing lung model of a normal human subject with atidal volume of 500 ml and a period of 4.8 s. On exhalation, air streams fromchild branches merge in the parent branch, inducing oscillatory jets andelongated vortical tubes. On inhalation, the glottal constriction inducesturbulent laryngeal jet. The sites where high wall shear stress tends to occuron the airway surface are identified for future investigation ofmechanotransduction.

Airflow in a Multiscale Subject-Specific Breathing Human Lung Model