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Many urological studies rely upon animal models such as rats and pigs whoseurination physics and correlation to humans are poorly understood. Here weelucidate the hydrodynamics of urination across five orders of magnitude inanimal mass. Using high-speed videography and flow rate measurement at ZooAtlanta, we discover the "Law of Urination," which states animals empty theirbladders over nearly constant duration of average 21 seconds (standarddeviation 13 seconds). This feat is made possible by larger animals havinglonger urethras, thus higher gravitational force and flow speed. Smallermammals are challenged during urination due to high viscous and surface tensionforces that limit their urine to single drops. Our findings reveal the urethraconstitutes as a flow enhancing device, enabling the urinary system to bescaled up without compromising its function. This study may help in thediagnosis of urinary problems in animals and in inspiring the design ofscalable hydrodynamic systems based on those in nature.

Law of Urination: all mammals empty their bladders over the same duration