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In this study, the impurity concentration and magnetic response of ninehighly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples with different grades andfrom different providers were determined using ion beam microscopy and SQUIDmagnetometry. Apart from sideface contaminations in the as-received state, bulkcontamination of the samples in most cases consists of disk-shaped micron-sizedparticles made of Ti and V with an additional Fe contamination around the grainperimeter. The saturation magnetization typically increases with Feconcentration, however, there is no simple correlation between Fe content andmagnetic moment. The saturation magnetization of one, respectively six, out ofnine samples clearly exceeds the maximum contribution from pure Fe or Fe3C. Formost samples the temperature dependence of the remanence decreases linearlywith T - a dependence found previously for defect-induced magnetism (DIM) inHOPG. We conclude that apart from magnetic impurities, additional contributionto the ferromagnetic magnetization exists in pristine HOPG in agreement withprevious studies. A comparative study between the results of ion beammicroscopy and the commonly used EDX analysis shows clearly that EDX is not areliable method for quantitative trace elemental analysis in graphite,clarifying weaknesses and discrepancies in the element concentrations given inthe recent literature.

Trace element content and magnetic properties of commercial HOPG samples studied by ion beam microscopy and SQUID magnetometry