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Ecology studies biodiversity in its variety and complexity. It describes howspecies distribute and perform in response to environmental changes. Ecologicalprocesses and structures are highly complex and adaptive. In order to quantifyemerging ecological patterns and investigate their hidden mechanisms, we needto rely on the simplicity of mathematical language. This becomes especiallyapparent when dealing with scaling patterns in ecology. Indeed, nearly all ofecological patterns are scale dependent. Such scale dependence hampers ourpredictive power and creates problems in our inference. This challenge callsfor a clear and fundamental understanding of how and why ecological patternschange across scales. As Simon Levin stated in his MacArthur Award lecture, theproblem of relating phenomena across scales is the central problem in ecologyand other natural sciences. It has become clear that there is currently a drivein ecology and complexity science to develop new quantitative approaches thatare suitable for analysing and forecasting patterns of ecological systems. HereI provide a road map for future works on synthesizing the scaling patterns inecology, aiming (i) to collect and sort a diverse array of ecological patterns,(ii) to present the dominant parametric forms of how these patterns changeacross spatial and temporal scales, (iii) to detect the processes andmechanisms using mathematical models, and finally (iv) to probe the physicalmeaning of these scaling patterns. This road map is divided into three partsand covers three main concepts of scale in ecology: heterogeneity, hierarchyand size. Using scale as a thread, this road map and its following works weavethe kaleidoscope of ecological scaling patterns into a cohesive whole.

A road map for synthesizing the scaling patterns in ecology