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A model of the mechanisms underlying exploratory behaviour, based onempirical research and refined using a computer simulation, is presented. Thebehaviour of killifish from two lakes, one with killifish predators and onewithout, was compared in the laboratory. Plotting average activity in a novelenvironment versus time resulted in an inverted-U-shaped curve for both groups;however, the curve for killifish from the lake without predators was (1)steeper, (2) reached a peak value earlier, (S) reached a higher peak value, and(4) subsumed less area than the curve for killifish from the lake withpredators. We hypothesize that the shape of the exploration curve reflects acompetition between motivational subsystems that excite and inhibit exploratorybehaviour in a way that is tuned to match the affordance probabilities of theanimal's environment. A computer implementation of this model produced curveswhich differed along the same four dimensions as differentiate the twokillifish curves. All four differences were reproduced in the model by tuning asingle parameter: the time-dependent component of the decay-rate of theexploration-inhibiting subsystem.

A Model of the Mechanisms Underlying Exploratory Behaviour