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A method is proposed to experimentally determine principal modes for modedivision multiplexing in a multimode optical fiber, i.e., increasing opticalfiber information capacity via higher-order transverse eigenmodes. Principalmodes are a special linear combination of eigenmodes that do not exhibit modedispersion up to first order in frequency. This method is based on an SU(N)representation of mode dispersion whereby the generators of the correspondingSU(N) Lie algebra, i.e., generalized Gell-Mann matrices, predict higher-orderStokes parameters which can be used to measure principal modes at the opticalfiber input and output. Applications of the SU(N) representation to decoherencefree subspaces for single photon entanglement in higher-dimensional Hilbertspaces is discussed.

SU(N) Representation of Mode Dispersion in a Multimode Optical Fiber: Determining Principal Modes for Mode Division Multiplexing