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PULSE is a new concept to augment the currently operating 5.1-m HalePALM-3000 exoplanet adaptive optics system with an ultraviolet Rayleigh laserand associated wavefront sensor. By using an ultraviolet laser to measure thehigh spatial and temporal order turbulence near the telescope aperture, whereit dominates, one can extend the faintness limit of natural guide stars neededby PALM-3000. Initial simulations indicate that very-high infrared contrastratios and good visible-light adaptive optics performance will be achieved bysuch an upgraded system on stars as faint as mV = 16-17 using an optimizedlow-order NGS sensor. This will enable direct imaging searches for, andsubsequent characterization of, companions around cool, low-mass stars for thefirst time, as well as routine visible-light imaging twice as sharp as HST forfainter targets. PULSE will reuse the laser and wavefront sensor technologiesdeveloped for the automated Robo-AO laser system currently operating at thePalomar 60-inch telescope, as well as take advantage of pending optimization oflow-order NGS wavefront sensing and planned new interfaces to the PALM-3000real-time reconstruction computer. The laser measurements will drive the 3,388active element high-order deformable mirror in open-loop, while an adaptiveoptics sharpened faint natural source will be measured by the current PALM-3000wavefront sensor in its lowest spatial sampling mode, with commands sent inclosed-loop to the 241 active element low-order deformable mirror. The naturalguide star loop corrects for both the relatively weak low-order high-altitudeturbulence as well as functioning as both the tip-tilt and low-bandwidth`truth' sensor loops in a traditional laser adaptive optics system.

PULSE: Palomar Ultraviolet Laser for the Study of Exoplanets