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We demonstrate that the output radiation characteristics of the European XFELsources at nominal operation point can be easily made significantly better thanwhat is currently reported in the TDRs of scientific instruments and X-rayoptics. In fact, the output SASE characteristics of the baseline European XFELhave been previously optimized assuming uniform undulators at a nominaloperating point of 5 kA peak current, without considering the potential ofudulator tapering in the SASE regime. In order to illustrate this point, weanalyze the case of an electron bunch with nominal parameters. Based onstart-to-end simulations, we demonstrate that nonlinear undulator taperingallows one to achieve up to a tenfold increase in peak power and photonspectral density in the conventional SASE regime, without modification to thebaseline design. The FEL code Genesis has been extensively used for thesestudies. In order to increase our confidence in simulation results, wecross-checked outcomes by reproducing simulations in the deep nonlinear SASEregime with tapered undulator using the code ALICE.

Nonlinear undulator tapering in conventional SASE regime at baseline  electron beam parameters as a way to optimize the radiation characteristics  of the European XFEL