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Simulations in lattice gauge theory suggest that the formation of a flux tubebetween quark and antiquark leads to quark confinement. It is conjectured thatthe infrared behaviour of the flux tube is governed by an effective stringtheory and simulations show good agreement between lattice data and itspredictions. To next-to leading order ($R^{-3}$) in the inverse $q\bar{q}$separation $R$ the effective string theory is equivalent to Nambu-Goto stringtheory. For the open flux tube in three dimensions corrections appear at order$R^{-4}$. We compare these predictions to high-accuracy measurements of thegroundstate energy of the flux tube in 3d SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theory andextract the coefficient of the leading order boundary term in the effectiveaction.

Spectrum of the open QCD flux tube in d=2+1 and its effective string description