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We present an experimentally guided, multi-phase, multi-speciespolyelectrolyte gel model to make quantitative predictions on theelectro-chemical properties of articular cartilage. The mixture theory consistsof two different types of polymers: Poly(ethylene gylcol) (PEG), Chondrotinsulfate (ChS), water (acting as solvent) and several different ions: H$^+$,Na$^+$, Cl$^-$. The polymer chains have covalent cross-links modeled using Doirubber elasticity theory. Numerical studies on polymer volume fraction and netosmolarity (difference in the solute concentration across the gel) show theinterplay between ionic bath concentrations, pH, polymer mass in the solventand the average charge per monomer; governing the equilibrium swelled /de-swelled state of the gel. We conclude that swelling is aided due to a higheraverage charge per monomer (or a higher percentage of charged ChS component ofthe polymer), low solute concentration in the bath, a high pH or a lowcross-link fraction. However, the swelling-deswelling transitions could becontinuous or discontinuous depending upon the relative influence of thevarious competing forces.

Determining equilibrium osmolarity in Poly(ethylene glycol) / Chondrotin sulfate gels mimicking articular cartilage