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An online, adaptive method of time delay and magnitude estimation forsinusoidal signals is presented. The method is based on an adaptive gradientdescent algorithm that directly determines the time delay and magnitudes of twonoisy sinusoidal signals. The new estimator uses a novel quadrature carriergenerator to produce the carriers for an adaptive quadrature phase detector,which in turn uses an arc tan function to compute the time delay. The proposedmethod is quite robust and can adapt to significant variation in input signalcharacteristics like magnitude and frequency imposing no requirement on themagnitudes of the two signals. It even works effectively when the signals havetime-varying magnitudes. The convergence analysis of the proposed techniqueshows that estimate converges exponentially fast to their nominal values. Inaddition, if the technique is implemented in the continuous time domain, thedelay estimation accuracy will not be constrained by the sampling frequency asobserved in some of the classical techniques. Extensive simulations show thatthe proposed method provides very accurate estimates of the time delaycomparable to that of the popular methods like Sinc-based estimator, Lagrangeestimator, and the Quadrature estimator, as well the magnitude estimate of theinput signals at lower signal to noise ratio at appreciably reducedcomputational cost.

Adaptive Technique for Computationally Efficient Time Delay and Magnitude Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals