English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The Cosmic Rays propagation was studied in details using the HelMod-2D MonteCarlo code, that includes a general description of the diffusion tensor, andpolar magnetic-field. The Numerical Approach used in this work is based on aset of Stochastic Differential Equations fully equivalent to the well knowParker Equation for the transport of Cosmic Rays. In our approach the Diffusiontensor in the frame of the magnetic field turbolence does not dependsexplicitly by Solar Latitude but varies with time using a diffusion parameterobtained by Neutron Monitors. The parameters of the Model were tuned using dataduring the solar Cycle 23 and Ulysses latitudinal Fast Scan in 1995. The actualparametrization is able to well reproduce the observed latitudinal gradient ofprotons and the southward shift of the minimum of latitudinal intensity. Thedescription of the model is also available online at website www.helmod.org.The model was then applied on Pamela/Ulysses proton intensity from 2006 up to2009. The model during this 4-year continous period agree well with both PAMELA(at 1 AU) and Ulysses data (at various solar distance and solar latitude). Theagreement improves when considering the ratio between this data. Studies donealso with particles with different charge (e.g. electrons) allow us to explainthe presence (or not) of protons and electrons latitudinal gradients observedby Ulysses during the Latitudinal Fast Scan in 1995 and 2007.

Cosmic Ray Modulation studied with HelMod Monte Carlo tool and comparison with Ulysses Fast Scan Data during consecutive Solar Minima