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Seafloor topography can excite strong interface waves called Scholte wavesthat are often dispersive and characterized by slow propagation but largeamplitude. This type of wave can be used to invert for near seafloor shear wavevelocity structure that is important information for multi-component P-Sseismic imaging. Three different approaches are taken to understand excitationof Scholte waves and numerical aspects of modeling Scholte waves, includinganalytical Cagniard-de Hoop analysis, the boundary integral method and astaggered grid finite difference method. For simple media for which the Green'sfunction can be easily computed, the boundary element method produces accurateresults. The finite difference method shows strong numerical artifacts andstagnant artificial waves can be seen in the vicinity of topography at thefluid-solid interface even when using fine computational grids. However, theamplitude of these artificial waves decays away from the seafloor. It issensible to place receivers away from the fluid-solid interface for seismicmodeling. To investigate Scholte wave generation, one needs to correctlyimplement the fluid-solid boundary condition. It is also shown throughnumerical examples including using a seafloor profile from the recent SEGAdvanced Modeling (SEAM) Project that even mild topographic features cangenerate Scholte waves and these waves can be used to constrain near seafloor Swave velocity by dispersion analysis of interface Scholte waves. Theimplication to the full waveform inversion is that, although low frequency dataare crucial for convergence, seafloor topography may have a large effect on lowfrequency seismic waves.

Scholte waves generated by seafloor topography