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An asymmetry as a function of the direction of current flow is observed inthe current-voltage characteristic (CVC) and its first and second derivativesfor point heterocontacts between pure metals {Cu, Ni, Fe) as well as betweenthese metals and dilute alloys (CuFe, CuMn). It is shown that the observedasymmetry is caused by thermoelectrical phenomena (Seebeck, Peltier, andThompson effects), observed when the temperature inside the contact differsfrom the temperature of the bath. In the low energy range (less than or of theorder of the Debye energy) the asymmetry of the CVC is affected mainly by theSeebeck effect, while at high energies and for larger contacts (lowerresistance) the contributions of all noted effects are of the same order ofmagnitude. A technique is proposed for determining the temperature of aheterocontact by measuring the CVC in two polarities. It is established that inthe intermediate (between the diffusion and ballistic) state of flight of theelectrons through the constriction the temperature of the heterocontactincreases linearly with the voltage on it, and all the more rapidly the largerthe contact and the more impurity in it.

Thermoelectric effects and the asymmetry of the current-voltage characteristics of metallic point contacts