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How does the human brain represent simple compositions of objects, actors,andactions? We had subjects view action sequence videos during neuroimaging (fMRI)sessions and identified lexical descriptions of those videos by decoding (SVM)the brain representations based only on their fMRI activation patterns. As aprecursor to this result, we had demonstrated that we could reliably and withhigh probability decode action labels corresponding to one of six action videos(dig, walk, etc.), again while subjects viewed the action sequence duringscanning (fMRI). This result was replicated at two different brain imagingsites with common protocols but different subjects, showing common brain areas,including areas known for episodic memory (PHG, MTL, high level visualpathways, etc.,i.e. the 'what' and 'where' systems, and TPJ, i.e. 'theory ofmind'). Given these results, we were also able to successfully show a keyaspect of language compositionality based on simultaneous decoding of objectclass and actor identity. Finally, combining these novel steps in 'brainreading' allowed us to accurately estimate brain representations supportingcompositional decoding of a complex event composed of an actor, a verb, adirection, and an object.

The Compositional Nature of Verb and Argument Representations in the Human Brain