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The standard interpretation of the observed redshifted spectra andluminosities towards distant astrophysical objects is that the universe isexpanding, an inference which is found to be consistent with other cosmologicalprobes as well. Clearly, only the interpretation of {\it dimensionless}quantities does not depend on the physical unit system as opposed to {\itdimensional} quantities whose dynamics does depend on the arbitrarily chosensystem of units. All that redshift or luminosity measurements really indicateis that cosmological scales expand {\it relative} to local scales. Analternative choice of a ruler could be the distance between two remotegalaxies, in which case local distances have to decrease with time (withrespect to the ruler) for consistency with redshift measurements. In the latterchoice, microscopic scales such as the Compton wavelength, or the Plancklength, decrease with time, and consequently fundamental `constants' such asthe Planck constant, speed of light, Newton gravitational constant, andparticle masses, are spacetime-dependent. To illustrate this fundamentalindeterminacy we construct an alternative interpretation to the expanding modelthat is characterized by a static metric with time-dependent fundamentalphysical quantities. The two alternative descriptions, are referred to as the`expanding' and `static' space perspectives, respectively. Cosmologicalinflation, recombination, and all other early universe processes are unaltered;the `expanding' and `static' perspectives are associated with exactly the samecosmological model.

Temporal Variation of the Fundamental Physical Quantities in a Static Universe