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Solar events, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares, heat upthe upper atmosphere and near-Earth space environment. Due to this heating andexpansion of the outer atmosphere by the energetic ultraviolet, X-ray andparticles expelled from the sun, the low Earth-Orbiting satellites (LEOS)become vulnerable to an enhanced drag force by the ions and molecules of theexpanded atmosphere. Out of various types of perturbations, Earth directed CMEsplay the most significant role. They are more frequent and intense during theactive (solar maximum) phase of the sun's approximately 11-year cycle. As weare approaching another solar maximum later in 2013, it may be instructive toanalyse the effects of the past solar cycles on the orbiting satellites usingthe archival data of space environment parameters as indicators. In this paper,we compute the plasma drag on a model LEOS due to the atmospheric heating byCMEs and other solar events as a function of the solar parameters. Using thecurrent forecast on the time and strength of the next solar maximum, we predicthow an existing satellite orbit may be affected in the forthcoming years.

Effects of Plasma Drag on Low Earth Orbiting Satellites due to Heating of Earth's Atmosphere by Coronal Mass Ejections