English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background / Aims ClO2, the so-called "ideal biocide", could also be appliedas an antiseptic if it was understood why the solution's rapid killing ofmicrobes does not cause any harm to humans or to animals. Our aim was to studyboth theoretically and experimentally its reaction-diffusion mechanism to findthe source of that selectivity. Methods ClO2 permeation measurements throughprotein membranes were performed and the time delay of ClO2 transport due toreaction and diffusion was determined. To calculate ClO2 penetration depths andestimate bacterial killing times, approximate solutions of thereaction-diffusion equation were derived. Additionally, as a preliminary test,three patients with infected wounds were treated with a 300 ppm high purityClO2 solution and the healing process was documented. Results The rate law ofthe reaction-diffusion model predicts that the killing time is proportional tothe square of the characteristic size (e.g. diameter) of a body, thus, smallones will be killed extremely fast. For example, the killing time for abacterium is on the order of milliseconds in a 300 ppm ClO2 solution. Thus, thefew minutes of contact time (owing to the volatility of ClO2) is quite enoughto kill all bacteria, but short enough to keep ClO2 penetration into the livingtissues safely below 0.1 mm, minimizing cytotoxic effects. Pictures ofsuccessful wound healings confirm these considerations. Various properties ofClO2, advantageous for an antiseptic, are also discussed. Most importantly,bacteria are not able to develop resistance against ClO2 as it reacts withbiological thiols which play a vital role in all living organisms. ConclusionSelectivity of ClO2 between humans and bacteria is based not on their differentbiochemistry, but on their different size. Preliminary clinical resultsencourage further research with this promising local antiseptic.

Demonstrating that chlorine dioxide is a size-selective antimicrobial agent and high purity ClO2 can be used as a local antiseptic