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The first gamma-ray line originating from outside the solar system that wasever detected is the 511 keV emission from the center of our Galaxy. Theaccepted explanation of this signal is the annihilation of electrons andpositrons. However, despite 30 years of intense theoretical and observationalinvestigation, the main sources of positrons have not been identified up tonow. In this paper we propose an alternative explanation: the observed signalis due to atomic transitions to "small hydrogen atom," where electron iscaptured by proton on a small tight orbit around proton. We describe the statusof the experimental search to find the small hydrogen atom both in astrophysicsdata and the lab, and propose new methods how to discover it in the labdirectly. We also propose a search for evidence of the hyperfine splitting dueto small hydrogen. We also discuss a question if the small hydrogen could beone type of Dark Matter.

A new way to explain the 511 keV signal from the center of the Galaxy and experimental search for small hydrogen