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In Cognitive Radio (CR) networks, multiple secondary network users (SUs)attempt to communicate over wide potential spectrum without causing significantinterference to the Primary Users (PUs). A spectrum sensing algorithm is acritical component of any sensing strategy. Performance of conventionalspectrum detection methods is severely limited when the average SNR of thefading channel between the PU transmitter and the SU sensor is low. Cooperativesensing and advanced detection techniques only partially remedy this problem. Akey limitation of conventional approaches is that the sensing threshold isdetermined from the miss detection rate averaged over the fading distribution.In this paper, the threshold is adapted to the instantaneous PU-to-SU ChannelState Information (CSI) under the prescribed collision probability constraint,and a novel sensing strategy design is proposed for overlay CR network wherethe instantaneous false alarm probability is incorporated into the beliefupdate and the reward computation. It is demonstrated that the proposed sensingapproach improves SU confidence, randomizes sensing decisions, andsignificantly improves SU network throughput while satisfying the collisionprobability constraint to the PUs in the low average PU-to-SU SNR region.Moreover, the proposed adaptive sensing strategy is robust to mismatched andcorrelated fading CSI and improves significantly on conventional cooperativesensing techniques. Finally, joint adaptation to PU channel gain and SU linkCSI is explored to further improve CR throughput and reduce SU collisions.

Adaptation to the Primary User CSI in Cognitive Radio Sensing and Access